Every child has moments when their attention drifts, they forget things, or they seem to be bouncing off the walls. However, for some, these behaviors happen frequently. These behaviors form a persistent pattern that affects daily life — at home, at school, and in relationships. This is the reality of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD.
My name is Dr. Robert J. Cordes, and after more than 30 years working as a pediatrician, I want parents, caregivers, and my patients to understand ADHD and the role early diagnosis and intervention play in improving a child’s social, academic, and overall well-being.
Understanding ADHD: Common Symptoms & Diagnosis
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting an estimated 11% of school-age children. In most cases, it continues into adulthood. It is characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. In simple terms, ADHD affects how someone pays attention, controls impulses, and manages energy levels.
The core symptoms include:
- Distractibility (difficulty focusing or staying on task)
- Impulsivity (acting without thinking)
- Restlessness (mental and/or physical)
Inconsistency is also a hallmark sign of ADHD. Children with ADHD might excel at things one day and struggle the next.
Types of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
ADHD isn’t one-size-fits-all. It comes in three presentations, depending on which symptoms are most prominent:
- Predominantly Inattentive
- Frequently makes careless mistakes
- Has trouble focusing or listening
- Often loses things
- Easily distracted and forgetful
- Avoids tasks requiring sustained mental effort
- Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive
- Constant fidgeting or restlessness
- Difficulty staying seated
- Talks excessively or blurts out answers
- Struggles with waiting turns or interrupting others
- Combined Presentation
- A mix of both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.
Diagnosing ADHD
ADHD symptoms typically begin before age 12, but can be tricky to diagnose — especially in younger children, where active, impulsive behavior is also developmentally normal. To diagnose ADHD, there are nine symptoms of hyperactivity and nine symptoms of inattention used in the evaluation.
Healthcare providers look for:
- At least six symptoms (or five for teens 17+ and adults) that persist for six months or more
- Symptoms that occur in two or more settings (like home and school)
- Significant impairment in daily functioning
- Symptoms that can’t be better explained by another condition
If you, another caregiver, or a teacher suspect ADHD is a possibility, schedule an appointment with your pediatrician. Our integrated Behavioral Health Team is an incredible resource. In addition to providing accurate screening and diagnosis, we collaborate to develop a comprehensive care plan that supports the whole child – and your family.
Co-Occurring Conditions
ADHD often exists with other conditions. About two-thirds of kids with ADHD have at least one other condition, such as:
- Anxiety or depression
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder
- Learning disabilities
- Tic disorders or Tourette syndrome
- Substance use
- Sleep disorders
When children are younger, there are also correlations between ADHD and bladder control, which can impact toilet training.
What Causes ADHD?
There’s no single cause, but research shows that genetics plays a significant role. ADHD often runs in families, and more than 20 genetic studies have supported its hereditary nature.
Other potential risk factors include:
- Premature birth or low birth weight
- Brain injuries
- Early exposure to lead or pesticides
It’s important to note that factors like diet and screen time do not cause ADHD — though they can make symptoms worse.
Treatment Options For Children With ADHD
There’s no cure, but ADHD can be managed effectively. Treatment plans are most successful when individualized and comprehensive, often including:
- Behavioral therapy
- Parent training in behavior management techniques
- School accommodations, like extended test time or reduced assignments
- Medication (which can be stimulants or non-stimulants)
- Lifestyle support by establishing healthy daily habits, including good nutrition, exercise, and sleep
A strong support system, frequent check-ins, and treatment adjustments along the way are key to successfully managing ADHD symptoms. If medication is part of your child’s treatment plan, your child’s pediatrician will touch base regularly to monitor its effectiveness and any potential side-effects. PANW’s Virtual Telehealth Appointments can be a convenient option for these frequent check-ins.
Common ADHD Myths — Debunked
Let’s clear up some misconceptions about children with ADHD and their symptoms:
- “She’s just lazy or unmotivated.” ADHD makes it hard to complete long or boring tasks. What looks like laziness is often a coping mechanism.
- “He’s too young to have ADHD.” Symptoms can show up as early as preschool — but they must interfere significantly with development to qualify for a diagnosis.
- “He can play video games for hours — he can’t have ADHD.” ADHD doesn’t affect all attention — just attention for tasks that are not highly stimulating.
- “They’ll grow out of it.” Up to 85% of kids with ADHD continue to have symptoms into adulthood.
- “It’s caused by bad parenting.” Parenting doesn’t cause ADHD, though consistent structure can help manage symptoms.
- “Treatment will cure ADHD.” ADHD is chronic. The goal is to learn to thrive with it.
Strengths of ADHD
ADHD comes with real challenges, but also wonderful strengths — many of which go unrecognized. People with ADHD are often:
- Creative thinkers
- Energetic and enthusiastic
- Empathetic and caring
- Innovative problem-solvers
- Resilient and tenacious
ADHD isn’t just about being hyper or disorganized. It’s a complex neurodevelopmental condition that affects every part of life — from school and work to relationships and self-esteem. But with understanding, support, and effective treatment, many individuals with ADHD can manage their symptoms successfully.
PANW Offers Compassionate Whole Child Treatment For Kids with ADHD
Whether you’re a parent, teacher, partner, or someone living with ADHD yourself — compassion and education go a long way. ADHD doesn’t define a person. It’s just one part of a vibrant, unique, and capable human being. Early diagnosis and intervention are key to helping your child connect with their strengths and building the toolsets and resilience required to thrive with ADHD.
If you have questions about ADHD or concerns about your child’s behavior, our pediatricians are here to guide you through next steps. Schedule an appointment today!
